Country by country: Extended data of Macao, China

Education : "Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free… Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding [and] tolerance…" Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 26, 1948. "To ensure that [by 2015] children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling and that girls and boys will have equal access to all levels of education." Millennium Declaration, Paragraph 19, 2000. Source: UNESCO Website Database (www.uis.unesco.org/), May 2008. Literacy 15-24 years old (%) Percentage of people aged 15-24 who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life. Last available data: 2000/2005; evolution since 1990. 99.6 Primary school enrolment rate net (%) Number of children enrolled in primary school who belong to the age group that officially corresponds to primary schooling, as percentage of the total population of the same age group. Last available data: 2003/2006; evolution since 1991. 96.3 Children reaching 5th grade (%) Percentage of children entering first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade five. Last available data: 2000/2005; evolution since 1999. 99.7 Secondary school enrolment rate net (%) Number of children enrolled in secondary school who belong to the agegroup that officially corresponds to secondary schooling, as percentage of the total population of the same age group. Last available data: 2003/2005; evolution since 1991. 77.5* Tertiary school enrolment rate gross (%) Ratio of total enrolment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, successful completion of education at secondary level. Last available data: 2004/2006; evolution since 1991. 57.4

Information, science and technology : "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers." Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 19, 1948. "We recognize that education, knowledge, information and communication are at the core of human progress, endeavour and well-being… The rapid progress of these technologies opens completely new opportunities to attain higher levels of development." World Summit on the Information Society, 2003. Source: World Development Indicators 2008, World Bank (www.worldbank.org). Internet users per 1,000 people People with access to the internet, per 1,000 people. Last available data: 2001-2004; evolution since 1990. 369.44 Personal computers per 1,000 people Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual, per 1,000 people. Last available data: 2001-2005; evolution since 1990. 295.27 Telephone mainlines per 1,000 people Telephone lines connecting a customer’s equipment to the public switched telephone network. Data are presented per 1,000 people for the entire country. Last available data: 2001-2005; evolution since 1990. 378.97 Scientists and engineers in research and development per million people People trained to work in any field of science who are engaged in professional R&D (research and development) activity, per million people. Most such jobs require completion of tertiary education. Last available data: 2004; evolution since 1996. 40.58*

Public expenditure : "Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality." Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 22, 1948. "We call on the industrialized countries… to implement the enhanced programme of debt relief for the heavily indebted poor countries without further delay and to agree to cancel all official bilateral debts of those countries in return for their making demonstrable commitments to poverty reduction." Millennium Declaration, Paragraph 15, 2000. Source: World Development Indicators 2007 website (www.worldbank.org). Public education expenditure % of GDP (%) Public spending on public education plus subsidies to private education at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Expressed as percentage of gross domestic product (based on World Bank and OECD GDP estimates). Last available data: 2001/2006; evolution since 1991. 2.30

Gender and education : "Discrimination against women, denying or limiting as it does their equality of rights with men, is fundamentally unjust and constitutes an offence against human dignity." Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Article 1. 1967. "We are convinced that… women's empowerment and their full participation on the basis of equality in all spheres of society, including participation in the decision-making process and access to power, are fundamental for the achievement of equality, development and peace." Conference on Women - Beijing Platform for Action, Paragraph 13, 1995. Source: UNESCO Website Database (www.uis.unesco.org), 2008. Literacy ratio gap women/men Ratio of female literacy ratio (15-24 years old) to male literacy ratio (15-24 years old). Last available data: 2000/2005; evolution since 1990. 0.92 Net primary enrolment ratio gap women/men Ratio of female net primary enrolment ratio to male net primary enrolment ratio. Last available data: 2000/2005; evolution since 1991. 0.96 Net secondary enrolment ratio gap women/men Ratio of female net secondary enrolment ratio to male net secondary enrolment ratio. Last available data: 2000/2005; evolution since 1991. 1.05 gross tertiary enrolment ratio gap women/men Ratio of female gross tertiary enrolment ratio to male gross tertiary enrolment ratio. Last available data: 2000/2005; evolution since 1991. 0.81

(*) Data refers to years or periods other than those specified in the indicator's definition.
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